Transportation Safety Division 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 Product Bulletin Series 983 April 2018 Replaces Product Bulletin 983 Dated April 2017 1 Description 3M Diamond Grade Conspicuity Markings Series 983 are highly retroreflective microprismatic markings designed to enhance the visibilities of the sides and rears of vehicles. These reflective markings consist of prismatic lenses that are formed in a transparent, synthetic resin, and sealed and backed with a pressure sensitive adhesive and clear polymeric liner. Diamond Grade Conspicuity Markings are highly durable, providing up to ten years of field performance. 3M's Series 983 markings have excellent angularity which provides enhanced visibility for drivers. For warranty and product information on specific applications, such as trucks and trailers, rail cars, school buses, or emergency vehicles, please see the specific product bulletins. This product bulletin applies to applications other than trucks and trailers, rail cars, school buses, or emergency vehicles. * * Combined fluorescence and retroreflection provides 24-hour visibility and detection. Fluorescence enhances visibility. For details of the features and benefits of Series 983 sheeting, please refer to the 3M Transportation Safety Division website (http://www.3M.com/roadsafety/). Conspicuity Markings Series 983 is available in the following colors. Table 1. Product Codes by Color Color Product Code White 983-10 Yellow 983-71 Red 983-72 Fluorescent Yellow 983-21 Fluorescent Yellow-Green 983-23 2 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 1.1 * * * April 2018 Easy to Apply Aggressive pressure sensitive adhesive Easy to remove liner Available in rolls, packaged pieces, or kiss-cut pieces on a roll. Please refer to the 3M Transportation Safety Division Pricing Catalog for the standard product offering. 1.2 Durable * * Pre-sealed edges Non-metallic construction 2 Typical Physical Properties Table 2 presents typical physical property data for Series 983 Conspicuity Markings. The information presented in Table 2 should be considered typical only, and not be used for specification purposes. Table 2. Typical Physical Properties Property Series 983 Typical Values Thickness (Caliper) 0.014 inch - 0.018 inch Whiteness Daytime Luminance Limit YT ASTM E1164 45 White 5 Red 27 Yellow 75 Fluorescent Yellow 90 Fluorescent Yellow-Green Gloss ASTM D523 at 85 100 Shrinkage ASTM D4956 No substantial change Flexibility - wrap around 0.125 inch mandrel at 32 F (0 C) No cracking High pressure wash test - 45 angle, 1200 psi, 8 inch away Passes Adhesion - 90 Hanging Weight ASTM D4956 0.2 inch (4 mm) Minimum Application Temp. 50 F (10 C) Instron Peel Adhesion 12 inch/minute, 90 pullback Degreased aluminum Prepainted panel Stainless steel FRP Tedlar(R) Aluminum Rail Chemical Resistance SAE J1967 Not affected by toluene, #2 diesel fuel, gasoline (leaded) kerosene, TSP detergent, xylene, dilute metal brighteners Corrosion Resistance ASTM B117 Salt Spray No effect - 1000 Hours Room Temperature Impact Resistance 100 in-lb, 5/8 inch tip No damage outside impact Cold Temperature Impact Resistance 60 in-lb at -20 F No damage outside impact 5.3 lb/in (.95 kg/cm) 3.0 lb/in (0.55 kg/cm) 6.0 lb/in (1.1 kg/cm) 2.5 lb/in (0.52 kg/cm) 3.0 lb/in (0.54 kg/cm) 3.5 lb/in (0.56 kg/cm) 3 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 3 April 2018 Coefficient of Retroreflection, RA The values in Table 3 are typical coefficients of retroreflection, expressed in candelas per lux per square meter (cd/lux/m2). Conformance to coefficient of retroreflection requirements shall be determined instrumentally, in accordance with ASTM E810 "Test Method of Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting." Per ASTM E810, RA values obtained at 0 and 90 rotations were averaged to determine the RA values presented in Table 3. Table 3. Typical Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) Values for New Sheeting (cd/lux/m2) Observation Entrance Anglea Angleb Typical RA for White 983 Typical RA for Red 983 -4 800 0.2 30 430 0.5 Typical RA for Yellow 983 Typical RA for FL. Yellow 983 Typical RA for FL. Yellow-Green 983 160 645 400 700 110 420 220 430 45 175) 45 235 120 160 -4 460 95 360 150 385 30 215 40 180 75 180 45 55 15 65 40 30 a. Observation Angle - the angle between the illumination axis and the observation axis. b. Entrance Angle - the angle between the illumination axis and the retroreflector axis. The retroreflector axis is an axis perpendicular to the retroreflective surface. 4 Typical Physical Characteristics Table 4 describes the typical physical characteristics of Series 983. The information in Table 4 should be considered typical only, and not be used for specification purposes. Table 4. Typical Physical Characteristics Property Description Adhesive color and type Clear, pressure sensitive Liner Translucent polymeric Application surfaces Painted or unpainted flat metal without rivets Heat resistance Maintains 70% of original coefficient of retroreflection at (=0.2, =-4) after 24 hr. exposure to 170 F (77 C) in air Recommended minimum application temperature (ambient and substrate) 50 F (10 C) Performance range -30 F to 200 F (-34 C to +94 C) 5 Photometrics 5.1 Fluorescence Fluorescent materials absorb short wavelength, invisible, incident radiation (solar energy) and re-emit it as longer wavelength, visible light. This re-emission of visible light continues as long as exciting incident radiation is present. This means fluorescent materials are especially effective during dawn, dusk, and overcast days. Fluorescence adds to the daytime luminances (apparent brightnesses) of markings and enhances the visibilities of emergency vehicles and other vehicles. 5.2 Color Test for Fluorescent Sheetings Conformance to standard chromaticity (x, y) and luminance factor (Y) requirements shall be determined instrumentally, in accordance with ASTM E991, on sheeting applied to smooth aluminum test panels cut from alloy 6061-T6 or 5052-H38. Chromaticity values shall be determined on a HunterLab ColorFlex 45/0 spectrophotometer. Calculations shall be performed using CIE Illuminant D65 and the 2 standard observer. 4 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 April 2018 Fluorescence luminance factors (YF) differentiate fluorescent markings from ordinary (nonfluorescent) markings. The additional daytime luminance provided by fluorescence is directly related to the increased conspicuity of fluorescent vehicle markings under the varying daylight illumination conditions encountered in outdoor safety marking applications. A marking's fluorescence luminance factor, YF, provides a standardized measure of the marking's fluorescence. A marking's numerical YF value serves, under specified illumination and viewing conditions, to: 1) verify the fluorescence of the marking (for nonfluorescent markings YF=0) and 2) quantify the fluorescent efficiency of the marking. The magnitude of a marking's YF can be used to assess whether the fluorescence of the marking is sufficient for it to provide high daytime visibility performance under less than ideal conditions. Typical YF values for 983-21, fluorescent yellow, and 983-23, fluorescent yellow-green, are provided in Table 5. Table 5. Typical Luminance Factor Values for 3M Diamond Grade 983-21 Fluorescent Yellow and 983-23 Fluorescent Yellow-Green Conspicuity Markingsa Total Luminance Factor (YT) Color Luminance Factor (YF) Luminance Factor (YR) Fluorescent Yellow 75 55 20 Fluorescent Yellow-Green 90 55 35 a. Total luminance is defined as the sum of fluorescent and reflected luminance (YT=YF+YR) and is determined in accordance with ASTM E2152 and ASTM E2153. 6 Maintenance 6.1 Cleaning Routine cleaning is recommended for maximum performance. The following cleaning methods are recommended: * * Clean with sponge, cloth, or soft brush using water and detergent Automatic truck/car wash or standard high-pressure hand spray under following conditions: - * Maximum pressure: 1200 PSI/80 bar Maximum water/wash solution temperature: 140 F (60 C) Minimum of 12 inches (30 cm) between cleaning jet(s) and marking Cleaning wand or jets at angle of no more than 45 degrees from perpendicular to the marking surface Use spray tip #1505 (15 degree spray angle, 05 capacity size) When using metal brighteners, follow manufacturer's recommendations for dilution. Thoroughly rinse brightener from markings after soaking vehicle 6.2 Storage Series 983 markings should be stored in a cool, dry area, out of direct sunlight, at a temperature of 65-75 F (1824 C) and a relative humidity of 30-50%. Rolls should be stored horizontally in their shipping cartons or original packaging. 6.3 Shelf Life Apply Series 983 markings within two years of date of manufacture. 7 Durability Series 983 markings will provide maximum durability when: * * All 3M recommended procedures are followed and Markings are applied to vertical surfaces (within 20 of vertical orientation). Series 983 marking durability depends on use. Failure to follow 3M-required techniques may reduce durability. 5 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 April 2018 Below are some conditions and processing examples that may lead to reduced durability: * * * * * * * 8 Failure to cut markings around rivets, seams, and body panels Improper use of high pressure cleaning Contact with non-recommended chemicals or solvents Improper application or surface preparation Horizontal exposure Open cells along the edges of a marking may collect dirt, which will not reduce marking performance Damage due to external conditions may reduce adhesion and reflectivity near the damaged area Health and Safety Information Read all health hazard, precautionary, and first aid statements found in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Article Information Sheet, and/or product labels of chemicals prior to handling or use. Consult local regulations and authorities for possible restrictions. Visit us at www.3M.com/us and select SDS search to obtain current Safety Data Sheets. 9 Warranty Information 9.1 3M Basic Product Warranty 3M Diamond Grade Conspicuity Marking Series 983 ("Product") is warranted ("Basic Warranty") to be free of defects in materials and manufacture at the time of shipment and to meet the specifications stated in this product bulletin. If the Product is proven not to have met the Basic Warranty on its shipment date, then a buyer's exclusive remedy, and 3M's sole obligation, at 3M's option, will be a refund or replacement of the Product. 9.2 Additional Warranty For additional warranty information on specific applications such as trucks and trailers, rail cars, school buses or emergency vehicles, please see the specific product bulletins for those applications. 9.3 Terms and Conditions * * * * * Product must be processed and applied to a vertically-mounted (20) 3M recommended substrate as described in this product bulletin and in accordance with all 3M application, fabrication, and cleaning procedures provided in 3M's product bulletins, information folders (including but not limited to 3M Information Folder 4.9), and applicable technical memos (which will be furnished to the manufacturer upon request). Any third-party imaging or altering of the Product not endorsed by 3M will void the 3M Warranty. A Product's failure to meet the 3M Warranty must be solely the result of design or manufacturing defects in the Product and not of (a) outside causes including improper storage, fabrication, handling, maintenance, or installation; (b) use of process colors, thinners, coatings, or other chemicals not recommended by 3M; (c) use of application procedures not recommended by 3M; (d) exposure to chemicals or solvents not recommended by 3M; (e) abrasion and other physical damage; (f) snow or any other burial of the marking; (g) collisions, vandalism, or malicious mischief; or (h) an act of God. 3M reserves the right to determine the method of replacement. Replacement product will carry the unexpired warranty of the Product it replaces. Claims made under this warranty will be honored only if 3M is presented with a traceable record of the Product's Installation Date, 3M is notified of a potential failure within thirty days of discovery, reasonable information requested by 3M is provided, and 3M is permitted to verify the cause of the failure. 9.4 Exclusive Limited Remedy and Disclaimer If the Product is proven not to have met the 3M Warranty during the Warranty Period, then the purchaser's and user's exclusive remedy, and 3M's sole obligation, at 3M's option, shall be that 3M will provide replacement of the Product. THE 3M WARRANTY IS MADE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY ARISING OUT OF A COURSE OF DEALING OR OF PERFORMANCE, CUSTOM, OR USAGE OF TRADE. 6 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 April 2018 9.5 Limitation of Liability Except for the limited remedy stated above, and except where prohibited by law, 3M will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from any 3M product, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages (including but not limited to lost profits, business, or revenue in any way), regardless of the legal theory asserted including warranty, contract, negligence, or strict liability. 10 Other Product Information Always confirm that you have the most current version of the applicable product bulletin, information folder, or other product information from 3M's Website at http://www.3M.com/roadsafety. 11 Literature References PB 983 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 for Emergency Vehicles PB 983 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 for Trucks and Trailers PB 983 RR 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 for Rail Cars PB 983-71 3MTM Diamond GradeTM Conspicuity Markings Series 983 for School Buses 3M IF 4.9 Application Instructions for Diamond Grade Conspicuity Markings Series 983 ASTM Test Methods are available from ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. For Information or Assistance Call: 1-800-553-1380 In Canada Call: 1-800-3M HELPS (1-800-364-3577) Internet: http://www.3M.com/roadsafety 3M, 3M Science. Applied to Life., and Diamond Grade are trademarks of 3M. Used under license in Canada. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 3M assumes no responsibility for any injury, loss, or damage arising out of the use of a product that is not of our manufacture. Where reference is made in literature to a commercially available product, made by another manufacturer, it shall be the user's responsibility to ascertain the precautionary measures for its use outlined by the manufacturer. Transportation Safety Division 3M Center, Building 0225-04-N-14 St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 USA Phone 1-800-553-1380 Web 3M.com/roadsafety Please recycle. Printed in USA (c) 3M 2018. All rights reserved. Electronic Only